Ramadan also romanized as Ramazan, Ramadhan,
or Ramathan) is the ninth month of the Islamic
calendar, and is observed by Muslims worldwide
as a month of fasting (Sawm) to commemorate the first revelation of the Quran to Muhammad according
to Islamic belief. This annual observance is regarded as one of the Five Pillars of Islam. The month
lasts 29–30 days based on the visual sightings of the crescent moon, according to numerous
biographical accounts compiled in the hadiths.
The
word Ramadan comes from the Arabic root ramiḍa or ar-ramaḍ, which
means scorching heat or dryness. Fasting is fardh (obligatory)
for adult Muslims, except those who are suffering from an illness, travelling,
are elderly, pregnant, breastfeeding, diabeticChronic
illness or going through menstrual
bleeding. Fasting the month of Ramadan was made obligatory
(wājib) during the month of Sha'ban,
in the second year after the Muslims migrated from Mecca to Medina. Fatwas have been
issued declaring that Muslims who live in regions with a natural phenomenon
such as the midnight sun or polar night should
follow the timetable of Mecca, but the more commonly accepted opinion is that
Muslims in those areas should follow the timetable of the closest country to
them in which night can be distinguished from day.
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